Kurt Vonnegut once wrote that "science is always more than one person understands." This is true of quantum mechanics as well. The more scientists learn the less they know, and this knowledge gap makes it difficult to understand what quantum events mean. This blog attempts to fill this gap by explaining the basics of quantum mechanics in a language designed for beginners. It starts with a few simple terms from Euclid's geometry and ends with an explanation of how electrons orbit materials.In the process, you will learn all about basic concepts such as waves and particles, which are at the heart of modern physics as we know it today. Basic terms in Quantum MechanicsQuantum mechanics is built on four basic terms, all of which are important to explain.Scientific notation is used in figures to avoid writing figures in long form all the time. For example, 10 is written as 10 rather than 1×10. This makes large numbers easier to read. Similarly, 10 is written as 10 rather than . These terms are fundamental to quantum mechanics. An atom is an object that has a definite atomic weight. The atomic weight of an element is the number that appears in its name. A uranium atom has an atomic weight of 235 because that's the number assigned to it by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Since there are several elements with varying weights, each element has an atomic mass assigned to it by IUPAC, which depends on the amount of the element present in a sample. To find this mass, you simply need to know your mass unit. You can convert between mass units by calculating the mass in grams and dividing by the atomic mass unit.You can find out what your mass unit is by searching IUPAC's World Standard MKS for information about the International System of Units (SI). The number to look for is Mass, which is section B.3. It will say the words "International System of Units (SI)", followed by "Mass". The figure inside this text contains a sample value for your unit.The SI has seven different terms for describing relative masses. These are: In terms of relative masses, a million is a big number because it's more than one million times smaller than one million kilograms. Electric charge is another important numerical property of an atom. Positive charges are found in atoms that have an extra neutron that's part of the atomic nucleus. This makes the element identifiable, since the atomic weight of an element is sometimes given after the name (for example, "U 235"). Neutrons may be present in other elements but they're not considered to be particularly important here.The charge on an electron is negative. The charges on protons and neutrons are positive, so if one or both of these charges were to change sign it would alter information about the atom.
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